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Question: Discuss About The School Of Computing Charles Sturt University? Answer: Introduction This is an article that talks about the net neutrality plan of EU. This news was released in April, 2016. The net neutrality was followed by the regulations of EU. This article said that this concept of net neutrality resulted in the achievement of the Digital Single Market (Open Internet, 2017). Net neutrality is a concept where the internet access is given to everyone equally without any discrimination. This allows anyone to access the content that is present on the web. This does not block any application or user based on certain criteria. It does not decide who the market leaders are. The users can distribute the web content as per their requirement. This article mentioned that the EU rules make sure that same and equal provisions are applied in the whole of Europe. The web contents and services are not throttled or blocked according to the principle of net neutrality (Bourreau, Kourandi Valletti, 2015). This article gives an overview of net neutrality and its impact on the soci ety. According to the concept of net neutrality, the internet traffic will be given equal importance. Good service as well as open internet will become accessible to the end users. This article decides whether net neutrality is ethical according to Utilitarianism, Virtue Ethics, Contract Theory and Utilitarianism Theory. Utilitarianism Theory According to the theory of Utilitarianism, a social policy or act is said to be morally or ethically correct when it gives happiness or pleasure to most of the people in the society (Broad, 2014). In this theory utility does not stand for usage but it stands for pleasure or happiness. The main focus of this theory is the consequences that take place after an act or policy. Most or all of the people in a society will become happy because they will get access to the open internet without any issues (Ross, 2013). Net neutrality will not stop any user from accessing any net content. This will not only spread happiness but also help the society to grow and develop. Net neutrality does not give any power to the ISP (Internet Service Provider) to control the access of the internet content. Utilitarian theory supports net neutrality. This is because equal access to the internet would spread utility, i.e happiness among a huge number of people in Europe. Therefore this theory says that net ne utrality is an ethical act and is morally permissible. Deontology Theory The ethical theory of Deontology says that when people carry out their responsibilities as well as duties then it leads to a morally permissible act or ethically correct activity (Vaughn, 2015). This theory is not related with consequences unlike the Utilitarianism theory. In case of net neutrality all the people of Europe will be able to get access to the open internet (Baynes, 2013). Discrimination cannot be considered to be ethical. The ISP carries out their duties in an ethical manner because they do not discriminate the net accessibility and everyone is able to access the internet equally (Krmer, Wiewiorra Weinhardt, 2013). It can be seen that here the theory of Deontology is in support of net theory. Therefore according to the ethical theory of Deontology, net neutrality is an ethical act. Virtue Theory The theory of Virtue Ethics main focus is on the character and value of an individual person. This theory is not related to the obligations and consequences (Van Hooft, 2014). A person has intrinsic values that develop with time. If a person has good intrinsic values then the result of any activity performed by that person will be ethical. Internal motivation is responsible for the happiness of the people (Athanassoulis, 2013). The act of net neutrality will promote equality in Europe. People will get motivated and develop moral values. When they will see that there is no discrimination in the country then they will tend to act in a morally correct way. Therefore according to the theory of Virtue Ethics the act of net neutrality is ethical. Contract Theory The theory of Contract points out that a person will feel obligated to be ethical and act in a morally permissible way if there is a contract. This contract will make the people feel obligated and promote the welfare of the society (Fried, 2015). People tend to think about the benefit of the society. Justice is the main component of the modern version of Contract theory. Net neutrality treats everyone equally and does not discriminate. Therefore net neutrality gives justice to everyone. Net neutrality is a concept where the internet access is given to everyone equally without any discrimination. This allows anyone to access the content that is present on the web. This does not block any application or user based on certain criteria. It does not decide who the market leaders are. The users can distribute the web content as per their requirement. If there is justice then the act is ethical (K?szegi, 2014). Equality gives justice to the people. The contract that is present here is that a certain amount of money is paid to the ISP and the ISP provides equal access to the internet to everyone. Therefore it can be said that the theory of Contract supports the act of net neutrality. According to this theory net neutrality is an ethically correct. Conclusion It can be concluded from this essay that the net neutrality is considered to be morally permissible or ethically correct act. The act of net neutrality is judged from the point of view of four main theories of ethics. These classical theories give a proper explanation that why it considers the act of net neutrality to be ethical. This essay described the Utilitarianism theory and says that because net neutrality spreads happiness among the entire country so it is ethical. The Virtue Ethics theory says that net neutrality promotes moral values of humans and so it is morally correct. The Contract Theory says that the contract between the ISP and the people promotes ethics and so net neutrality is ethical. Finally the Deontology theory says that there is no discrimination and ISP carries out their duties in an ethical way so net neutrality is ethical. So it can be concluded that net neutrality is an ethical act. References Athanassoulis, N. (2013).Virtue ethics. AC Black. Baynes, K. (2013).Critical theory. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Bourreau, M., Kourandi, F., Valletti, T. (2015). Net neutrality with competing internet platforms.The Journal of Industrial Economics,63(1), 30-73. Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Fried, C. (2015).Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. K?szegi, B. (2014). Behavioral contract theory.Journal of Economic Literature,52(4), 1075-1118. Krmer, J., Wiewiorra, L., Weinhardt, C. (2013). Net neutrality: A progress report.Telecommunications Policy,37(9), 794-813. Open Internet. (2017).Digital Single Market. Retrieved 12 September 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/eu-actions-net-neutrality Ross, D. (2013).Foundations of ethics. Read Books Ltd. Van Hooft, S. (2014).Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge. Vaughn, L. (2015).Doing ethics: Moral reasoning and contemporary issues. WW Norton Company.